000			07100nam a22003497a 4500
001			0007739
003			KOHA_MİRAKIL
005			20260207001608.0
007			ta
008			091002b2008 us |||gr||||#||||0|eng |
020			_a9780821374740
040			_aTR-BiSEU _btur _cTR-BiSEU _erda
041	0		_aeng
044			_cus
050			_aLC2572 _b.G57 2008
245	0		_aGirls' education in the 21st century : _bgender equality, empowerment, and economic growth/ _ceditör Mercy Tembon, Lucia Fort.
264		1	_aWashington DC : _bWorld Bank, c2008 _c2008
300			_axxix, 313 sayfa: resimli
336			_ametin _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_aaracısız _bn _2rdamedia
338			_acilt _bnc _2rdacarrier
490	0		_aDirections in development.
490	0		_aHuman development.
500			_aKaynakça ve dizin var.
505			_aForeword xvii _xPreface xxi _xAcknowledgments xxiii _xContributors xiii _xAbbreviations xxvii _xPart I Education Quality, Skills Development, _xand Economic Growth _xChapter 1 Overview _xMercy Tembon _xStructure of the Book _xNote _xReferences _xChapter 2 Schooling, Gender Equity, and Economic 23 _xOutcomes _xEric Hanushek _xSchooling as an Investment in Human Capital 24 _xPolicy Objectives 33 _xConclusion 35 _xNotes 36 _xReferences 37 _xChapter 3 Student Learning Outcomes in Mathematics 41 _xfrom a Gender Perspective: What Does the International PISA Assessment Tell Us? _xAndreas Schleicher _xIntroduction 41 _xGender Differences in Mathematics Performance 43 _xPolicy Implications 47 _xReferences 52 _xChapter 4 Returns to Education: The Gender Perspective 53 _xHarry Patrinos _xCalculating the Rate of Return to Education 54 _xThe Social Benefits of Schooling 58 _xGender Differences 58 _xConclusions 64 _xNote 64 _xReferences 64 _xChapter 5 Is Female Education a Pathway to Gender 67 _xEquality in the Labor Market? Some Evidence _xfrom Pakistan _xMonazza Aslam, Geeta Kingdon, and _xMans Soderbom _xExamining the Education-Occupation 69 _xRelationship in Pakistan _xEducation, Labor Market Transitions, and 73 _xOccupational Attainment _xEducation and Earnings 82 _xConclusion 87 _xNotes 89 _xReferences 91 _xPart II Equity in Education: What Is Holding Countries Back? 93 _xChapter 6 Inequalities in Education: Effects of Gender, Poverty, Orphanhood, and Disability _xDeon Filmer 95 _x Data and Methodology 96 _x Poverty 97 _x The Pattern of Educational Attainment: _x Survivor Profiles 99 _x Urban or Rural Residence--and Gender 102 _x Orphanhood 105 _x Disability 108 _x Conclusion 112 _x Notes 112 _x References 113 _xChapter 7 The Double Disadvantage of Gender and Social Exclusion in Education _xMarlaine Lockheed 115 _x Socially Excluded Groups 116 _x Social Exclusion and Education 117 _x Creative Ways of Reaching and Teaching 119 _x Excluded Girls _x Practical Actions to Promote Education for 123 _x Excluded Girls _x Notes 124 _x References 124 _xChapter 8 Promoting Education Quality through Gender-Friendly Schools _xChangu Mannathoko 127 _x Introduction 127 _x Bringing Girls and Women into Schools and 129 _x Learning Spaces through WID _x School and Society as Gendered Power 130 _x Structures _x The Poststructuralist Challenge to Gender, 134 _x Sexuality, Education, and Development _xTransformative Action through Rights to 135 _xEducation and Gender Equality _xConcluding Remarks 139 _xReferences 140 _xChapter 9 Combating Gender-Based Violence in Benin 143 _xMichele Akpo _xBenin and Millennium Development Goal 3 145 _xGBV in Benin-A Culturally Accepted 146 _xPractice with Major Health and Human _xRights Implications _xPolicy Frameworks to Address GBV in Schools 149 _xWhy GBV in Schools Persists and Ways to _xOvercome It to Promote Girls' Education 150 _xNote 151 _xReferences 151 _xChapter 10 Addressing Gender Disparities in Education in 153 _xContexts of Crisis, Postcrisis, and State Fragility _xJackie Kirk _xChallenges and Opportunities: Gender Issues in 155 _xEducation in Emergencies and Fragile States _xPromising Policy Developments at the Global 161 _xLevel _xImplications: Learning for Peace and Equality 168 _xConclusions 172 _xAnnex 10A: Classroom Assistants in Guinea 172 _xand Sierra Leone Annex 1 OB: The Gender Equity Support Project 174 _xof the Sudan Basic Education Program _xAnnex 10C: An Integrated Approach to 175 _xAddressing Sanitary Protection Needs: _xIRC Ethiopia's Intervention _xNotes 176 _xReferences 177 _xpart III Experiences from the Field: How Was _xIt Done? _xChapter 11 Building a Better Future for Afghanistan 183 _xthrough Female Education _xSakena Yacoobi _xThe Situation of Afghan Women Past and Present 184 _xThe Context in Which Afghan Women Live 187 _xImproving the Circumstances of Afghan Women 188 _xA Strategy to Empower and Educate Afghan 190 _xWomen _xConclusion 197 _xReferences 198 _xChapter 12 The Effects of a Reduction in User Fees on 201 _xSchool Enrollment: Evidence from Colombia _xFelipe Barrera-Osorio _xThe Effect of User Fees on Enrollment 202 _xSome Ideas on Targeting 205 _xNote 206 _xReferences 207 _xChapter 13 Holy Alliances: Public Subsidies, Islamic High 209 _xSchools, and Female Schooling in Bangladesh _xMohammad Niaz Asadullah and _xNazmul Chaudhury _xMadrassa Reform in South Asia 210 _xThe Madrassa Reform Scheme in Bangladesh 213 _xConclusion and Policy Implications 225 _xAnnex 13A: Variable Description, Summary 229 _xStatistics, and Regression Results _xNotes 235 _xReferences 237 _xChapter 14 Cultivating Knowledge and Skills to Grow 239 _xAfrican Agriculture _xRichard Johanson, William Saint, Catherine Ragasa, _xand Eija Pehu _xThe Context for Agricultural Education and 239 _xTraining in Africa _xAgricultural Education Is Vital for African 241 _xDevelopment _xAfrican AET in Perspective 241 _xConstraints on Building AET Capacity 242 _xPriorities for Modernizing Agricultural Education 245 _xDifferent Approaches for Different Levels 246 _xof Training _xThe Time to Act Is Now 247 _xNotes 251 _xReferences 251 _xChapter 15 Quality and Gender Equality in Education: 253 _xWhat Have We Learned from FAWE's 15 Years of Experience? _xCodou Diaw _xIntroduction 253 _xBackground and Evolution of FAWE 254 _xOverview of Girls' Education in Sub-Saharan 256 _xAfrica _xFAWE's Major Achievements 257 _xComponents of FAWE's Gender-Responsive 259 _xSchool or Center of Excellence (COE) Model _xChallenges Related to the Achievement of 260 _xFAWE's Strategic Objectives 2002-06 _xLessons Learned 263 _xConclusion and Way Forward 265 _xNotes 267 _xReferences 267 _xChapter 16 Strategies for Gender Equality in Basic and Secondary Education: A Comprehensive and Integrated Approach in the Republic of Yemen _xTawfiq A. Al-Mekhlafy Where Are We Now? Current Interventions Obstacles to Universal Education A Concluding Word References _xChapter 17 Conclusion and Recommendations for the Way Forward _xMercy Tembon _xStrategic Directions for the Future _xImplications for the World Bank _xReferences _x
650		0	_aWomen--Education--Developing countries. _919204
650		0	_aWomen--Education--Economic aspects--Developing countries. _919205
650		0	_aEducational equalization--Developing countries. _919206
830	0		_aDirections in development. _917428
830	0		_aHuman development. _919207
942			_2lcc _cBK
999			_c7716 _d7716